In addition to the working papers published by staff of NERTS, we occasionally invite papers on topics of policy interest from researchers in developing countries. Special calls for working papers on specific themes are published on our website. Papers submitted for these calls are reviewed and published in our working paper series if they are found to be methodologically sound and have the potential to contribute to policy. Publication of a paper by NERTS as a working paper does not prevent its author from submitting it to a journal for peer-review and publication. Since our working papers are intended to elicit further academic and policy discourse, users should note that any claims made in our papers are subject to revision and correction, where necessary.  Our papers can be freely downloaded by clicking on their respective links, but users are required to cite them appropriately as specified.